美国宇航局火星极冠雷达发现冰河时代的记录
<div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-full_width" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px auto 2em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201605/27/121349b2kya2yxykjt40ot.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background: 0px 0px;"></a></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11px;"><div class="caption" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><trans data-src="Climatic cycles of ice and dust build the Martian polar caps, season by season, year by year, and periodically whittle down their size when the climate changes. This image is a simulated 3-D perspective view, created from image data taken by the THEMIS instrument on NASA\'s Mars Odyssey spacecraft." data-dst="气候周期的冰和尘埃建立火星极冠，一季一季，一年又一年，并定期削减其规模当气候变化。这是一个模拟的三维透视图像，由美国宇航局的火星奥德赛飞船的THEMIS仪器拍摄的图像数据产生。" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">气候周期的冰和尘埃建立火星极冠，一季一季，一年又一年，并定期削减其规模当气候变化。这是一个模拟的三维透视图像，由美国宇航局的火星奥德赛飞船的THEMIS仪器拍摄的图像数据产生。</trans></div><div class="credits" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"><trans data-src="Credits: NASA/JPL/Arizona State University, R. Luk" data-dst="学分：美国宇航局/喷气推进实验室/亚利桑那州立大学，陆。" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">学分：美国宇航局/喷气推进实验室/亚利桑那州立大学，陆。</trans></div><div class="link" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; background: inherit;"><a href="http://themis.asu.edu/feature/19" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); background: 0px 0px;"><trans data-src="Full caption and related image" data-dst="完整标题和相关的图像" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">完整标题和相关的图像</trans></a></div></div></div><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-side_image" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px 3em 2em; max-width: 320px; float: right; clear: right; width: 320px; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/pia20029_figa_labeled.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background: 0px 0px;"></a></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11px;"><div class="caption" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><trans data-src="By analyzing radar images like the one at top of this montage, scientists discovered evidence for a past ice age in the northern polar ice cap of Mars." data-dst="通过分析雷达图像像在这上面的蒙太奇，科学家在北极冰帽火星发现过去冰河时期的证据。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过分析雷达图像像在这上面的蒙太奇，科学家在北极冰帽火星发现过去冰河时期的证据。</trans></div><div class="credits" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"><trans data-src="Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Sapienza University of Rome" data-dst="信用：美国宇航局/喷气推进实验室/加州理工学院大学罗马" style="box-sizing: border-box;">信用：美国宇航局/喷气推进实验室/加州理工学院大学罗马</trans></div><div class="link" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; background: inherit;"><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA20029" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); background: 0px 0px;"><trans data-src="Full image and caption" data-dst="完整的图像和文字" style="box-sizing: border-box;">完整的图像和文字</trans></a></div></div></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="Scientists using radar data from NASA\'s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) have found a record of the most recent Martian ice age recorded in the planet\'s north polar ice cap." data-dst="利用美国宇航局的火星侦察轨道器的雷达数据科学家（MRO）找到了一个最新的火星冰河时代的记录在地球的北极冰盖记录。" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">利用美国宇航局的火星侦察轨道器的雷达数据科学家（MRO）找到了一个最新的火星冰河时代的记录在地球的北极冰盖记录。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="The new results agree with previous models that indicate a glacial period ended about 400,000 years ago, as well as predictions about how much ice would have been accumulated at the poles since then." data-dst="新的研究结果与以前的模型表明一个冰川期结束400000年前同意，以及预测多少冰也积累在极点之后。" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">新的研究结果与以前的模型表明一个冰川期结束400000年前同意，以及预测多少冰也积累在极点之后。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="The results, published in the May 27 issue of the journal Science, help refine models of the Red Planet\'s past and future climate by allowing scientists to determine how ice moves between the poles and mid-latitudes, and in what volumes." data-dst="结果，发表在5月27日发行的科学杂志上，有助于改进模型的红色星球的过去让科学家确定冰移动杆和中纬度地区之间的气候和未来，以及在什么样的卷。" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">结果，发表在5月27日发行的科学杂志上，有助于改进模型的红色星球的过去让科学家确定冰移动杆和中纬度地区之间的气候和未来，以及在什么样的卷。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="Mars has bright polar caps of ice that are easily visible from telescopes on Earth. A seasonal cover of carbon-dioxide ice and snow is observed to advance and retreat over the poles during the Martian year. During summertime in the planet\'s north, the remaining northern polar cap is all water ice; the southern cap is water ice as well, but remains covered by a relatively thin layer of carbon dioxide ice even in southern summertime." data-dst="火星极冠冰明亮，容易看到地球上的望远镜。一个二氧化碳的冰雪季节盖观察进退两极火星年期间。在地球的北部夏季期间，剩余的北极帽都是冰；南部盖水为好，但仍然覆盖着一层薄薄的二氧化碳冰即使在南部的夏季。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">火星极冠冰明亮，容易看到地球上的望远镜。一个二氧化碳的冰雪季节盖观察进退两极火星年期间。在地球的北部夏季期间，剩余的北极帽都是冰；南部盖水为好，但仍然覆盖着一层薄薄的二氧化碳冰即使在南部的夏季。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="But Mars also undergoes variations in its tilt and the shape of its orbit over hundreds of thousands of years. These changes cause substantial shifts in the planet\'s climate, including ice ages. Earth has similar, but less variable, phases called Milankovitch cycles." data-dst="但火星也经历了变化的倾斜和它的轨道经过数十万年的形状。这些变化导致地球气候的重大转变，包括冰河时代。地球有相似，但较少的变量，称为米氏旋回阶段。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">但火星也经历了变化的倾斜和它的轨道经过数十万年的形状。这些变化导致地球气候的重大转变，包括冰河时代。地球有相似，但较少的变量，称为米氏旋回阶段。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="Scientists use data from MRO\'s Shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD) to produce images called radargrams that are like vertical slices though the layers of ice and dust that comprise the Martian polar ice deposits. For the new study, researchers analyzed hundreds of such images to look for variations in the layer properties." data-dst="科学家们使用的数据来自MRO的浅地层雷达（撒拉德）产生的图像称为radargrams那样垂直切片虽然冰和尘埃组成的火星极地的冰沉积层。在新的研究中，研究人员分析了数百个这样的图像中寻找层特性的变化。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">科学家们使用的数据来自MRO的浅地层雷达（撒拉德）产生的图像称为radargrams那样垂直切片虽然冰和尘埃组成的火星极地的冰沉积层。在新的研究中，研究人员分析了数百个这样的图像中寻找层特性的变化。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="The researchers identified a boundary in the ice that extends across the entire north polar cap. Above the boundary, the layers accumulated very quickly and uniformly, compared with the layers below them." data-dst="研究人员发现，扩大至整个北极冰帽冰边界。边界层以上，累积了非常快速且均匀，与他们相比，下面的层。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究人员发现，扩大至整个北极冰帽冰边界。边界层以上，累积了非常快速且均匀，与他们相比，下面的层。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="" the="" layers="" in="" upper="" few="" hundred="" meters="" display="" features="" that="" indicate="" a="" period="" of="" erosion,="" followed="" by="" rapid="" accumulation="" is="" still="" occurring="" today,"="" said="" planetary="" scientist="" isaac="" smith,="" study\'s="" lead="" author.="" smith="" led="" work="" while="" at="" southwest="" research="" institute="" boulder,="" colorado,="" but="" now="" science="" tucson,="" arizona."="" data-dst="“在上几百米的显示功能，显示一段时间的侵蚀层，然后通过一段时间的快速积累，仍然是今天发生的，”行星科学家艾萨克史密斯说，该研究的主要作者。史密斯领导工作而在Boulder，科罗拉多州西南研究院，但现在在亚利桑那州图森行星科学研究所。" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">“在上几百米的显示功能，显示一段时间的侵蚀层，然后通过一段时间的快速积累，仍然是今天发生的，”行星科学家艾萨克史密斯说，该研究的主要作者。史密斯领导工作而在Boulder，科罗拉多州西南研究院，但现在在亚利桑那州图森行星科学研究所。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="On Earth, ice ages take hold when the polar regions and high latitudes become cooler than average for thousands of years, causing glaciers to grow toward the mid-latitudes. In contrast, the Martian variety occurs when -- as a result of the planet\'s increased tilt -- its poles become warmer than lower latitudes. During these periods, the polar caps retreat and water vapor migrates toward the equator, forming ground ice and glaciers at mid-latitudes. As the warm polar period ends, polar ice begins accumulating again, while ice is lost from mid-latitudes. This retreat and regrowth of polar ice is exactly what Smith and colleagues see in the record revealed by the SHARAD radar images." data-dst="地球上的冰河时代抓住，当极地和高纬度地区变得比千年平均冷却器，造成冰川增长向中纬度地区。相比之下，火星的变化发生时，由于地球的倾斜，其杆的增加变得比低纬度的温暖。在这些时期，极地冰盖的退缩和水蒸气移向赤道，形成了中纬度地区地下冰和冰川。为暖极期结束，两极的冰开始积累了，而冰是从中纬度地区失去了。这种撤退和极地冰再生正是史密斯和他的同事看到的记录由撒拉德雷达图像显示。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">地球上的冰河时代抓住，当极地和高纬度地区变得比千年平均冷却器，造成冰川增长向中纬度地区。相比之下，火星的变化发生时，由于地球的倾斜，其杆的增加变得比低纬度的温暖。在这些时期，极地冰盖的退缩和水蒸气移向赤道，形成了中纬度地区地下冰和冰川。为暖极期结束，两极的冰开始积累了，而冰是从中纬度地区失去了。这种撤退和极地冰再生正是史密斯和他的同事看到的记录由撒拉德雷达图像显示。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="An increase in polar ice following a mid-latitude ice age is also expected from climate models that show how ice moves around based on Mars\' orbital properties, especially its tilt. These models predict the last Martian ice age ended about 400,000 years ago, as the poles began to cool relative to the equator. Models suggest that since then, the polar deposits would have thickened by about 980 feet (300 meters)." data-dst="在极地中增加以下的中纬度冰期也有望从气候模型显示了冰绕火星轨道的性质，尤其是它的倾斜。这些模型预测最后的火星冰河时代结束于400000年前，当两极开始降温相对赤道。模型表明，自那时以来，极地的冰层会在大约980英尺（300米）厚。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">在极地中增加以下的中纬度冰期也有望从气候模型显示了冰绕火星轨道的性质，尤其是它的倾斜。这些模型预测最后的火星冰河时代结束于400000年前，当两极开始降温相对赤道。模型表明，自那时以来，极地的冰层会在大约980英尺（300米）厚。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="The upper unit identified by Smith and colleagues reaches a maximum thickness of 1,050 feet (320 meters) across the polar cap, which is equivalent to a 2-foot-thick (60-centimeter-thick) global layer of ice. That is essentially the same as model predictions made by other researchers in 2003 and 2007." data-dst="由史密斯和同事确定上部单元达到1050英尺（320米）最大厚度在极盖，这相当于一个2-foot-thick（60厘米厚）全球层冰。这基本上是相同的模型预测的2003的学者和2007。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">由史密斯和同事确定上部单元达到1050英尺（320米）最大厚度在极盖，这相当于一个2-foot-thick（60厘米厚）全球层冰。这基本上是相同的模型预测的2003的学者和2007。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="" this="" suggests="" that="" we="" have="" indeed="" identified="" the="" record="" of="" most="" recent="" martian="" glacial="" period="" and="" regrowth="" polar="" ice="" since="" then.="" using="" these="" measurements,="" can="" improve="" our="" understanding="" how="" much="" water="" is="" moving="" between="" poles="" other="" latitudes,="" helping="" to="" climate,"="" smith="" said."="" data-dst="“这表明我们确实发现最近的火星冰河时期和极冰的再生之后的记录。使用这些方法，我们可以提高我们的理解多少水是波兰和其他地区之间的移动，有助于提高我们对火星气候的认识，”史密斯说。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“这表明我们确实发现最近的火星冰河时期和极冰的再生之后的记录。使用这些方法，我们可以提高我们的理解多少水是波兰和其他地区之间的移动，有助于提高我们对火星气候的认识，”史密斯说。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="After 10 years in orbit, Mars Reconnaissance and its six science instruments are still in excellent shape. " the="" longevity="" of="" mission="" has="" enabled="" more="" thorough="" and="" improved="" radar="" coverage="" martian="" poles,"="" said="" richard="" zurek,="" mission\'s="" project="" scientist="" at="" nasa\'s="" jet="" propulsion="" laboratory,="" pasadena,="" california.="" "our="" long="" life="" in="" orbit="" powerful="" 3-d="" analysis="" tools="" are="" allowing="" scientists="" to="" unravel="" mars\'="" past="" climate="" history.""="" data-dst="10年后的轨道，火星侦察和它的六个科学仪器处于良好的状态。”这次任务的长寿使更深入的和改进的火星两极的雷达覆盖，说：”李察Zurek，任务的项目科学家在美国宇航局喷气推进实验室，帕萨迪纳，加利福尼亚。”我们在轨道和强大的三维分析工具寿命长，允许科学家解开火星过去气候的历史。”" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">10年后的轨道，火星侦察和它的六个科学仪器处于良好的状态。”这次任务的长寿使更深入的和改进的火星两极的雷达覆盖，说：”李察Zurek，任务的项目科学家在美国宇航局喷气推进实验室，帕萨迪纳，加利福尼亚。”我们在轨道和强大的三维分析工具寿命长，允许科学家解开火星过去气候的历史。”</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><trans data-src="The Italian Space Agency provided the SHARAD instrument on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Sapienza University of Rome leads its operations. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA\'s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems of Denver built the orbiter and supports its operations." data-dst="意大利航天局提供的撒拉德仪器对火星侦察轨道器和罗马Sapienza大学使其业务。喷气推进实验室，帕萨迪纳加州理工大学的一个部门，负责在华盛顿美国宇航局科学任务理事会的使命。洛克希德马丁空间系统丹佛建轨道器和支持其业务。" style="box-sizing: border-box;">意大利航天局提供的撒拉德仪器对火星侦察轨道器和罗马Sapienza大学使其业务。喷气推进实验室，帕萨迪纳加州理工大学的一个部门，负责在华盛顿美国宇航局科学任务理事会的使命。洛克希德马丁空间系统丹佛建轨道器和支持其业务。</trans></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><div class="feature-credits" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-family: \'Helvetica Neue\', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em;"><trans data-src="Guy Webster" data-dst="家伙韦伯斯特" style="box-sizing: border-box;">家伙韦伯斯特</trans><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"><trans data-src="Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif." data-dst="喷气推进实验室，帕萨迪纳，加利福尼亚" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: transparent;">喷气推进实验室，帕萨迪纳，加利福尼亚</trans></p></div>
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